The 370th Infantry Regiment (Colored) was activated at Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky, on October 15, 1942, and assigned to the 92nd Infantry Division. After training at Fort Huachuca, it departed Hampton Roads on July 15, 1944, reached Italy on July 24, and entered line with the 1st Armored Division on August 23. It advanced across the Arno sector and helped occupy Lucca before becoming the core of Task Force 92.
With Combat Command B of the 1st Armored Division and attached tanks and tank destroyers, the regiment moved north from Pescia into the Serchio and coastal sectors. In October it fought the division's first major action against Monte Cauala, the height covering the approach to Massa. The regiment made slow progress in rain, twice gained and lost the objective, then reached the summit again on October 12. After further attempts to push northeast failed, the sector went quiet.
In December the 370th was holding the Serchio Valley when German forces attacked. Its 1st Battalion was near Molazzana and its 2nd Battalion near Calomini; survivors of the 2nd and 3rd Battalions later passed through Indian lines during the withdrawal. In February the regiment attacked in the center of the coastal operation toward the Strettoia Hills, gained about a mile and its first objective, but was hit by counterattack and the attack collapsed. During the March reorganization, the 370th was rebuilt from selected officers and men of the division. On April 5 it advanced up Highway 1 toward Massa, got forward elements more than two miles ahead, and then fell back under counterattack. Replaced by the 473rd Infantry, it shifted to flank protection while the division entered Massa, Aulla, Genoa, and Alessandria.
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