The 394th Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Van Dorn, Mississippi, on November 15, 1942, and trained with the 99th Infantry Division through Louisiana, Texas, England, France, Belgium, and Germany. Briefly attached to the 9th Infantry Division in November 1944 before reverting, it entered the Ardennes defensive front as the 99th Division's right-flank regiment. On December 16, the German main effort in the Losheim-Lanzerath sector struck its front. The regiment's Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon held an isolated outpost near Lanzerath, while the 1st and 3rd Battalions fought stubbornly around Losheimergraben and Buchholz station. The 1st Battalion's line was thinned but denied the crossroads; the 3rd Battalion faced southwest along the railroad line as German forces entered the gap to the division's right.
As the 99th Division fell back toward Elsenborn, elements of the 394th passed through Krinkelt, Wirtzfeld, and the 2nd Division line. The regiment later helped hold and rebuild the Elsenborn position. In March 1945 it crossed the Rhine at Remagen with the division. On March 12, attacking on the right while the 393rd advanced on the left, the 394th drove south along the east bank, clearing Leubsdorf and Ariendorf. It then fought into Hoenningen and took the town after heavy combat by March 16-17. After the 393rd and 395th crossed the Wied, the 394th crossed also and helped the division cut the Cologne-Frankfurt highway near Willroth. On March 29 it relieved the 7th Armored Division at Giessen.
The 394th joined the Ruhr Pocket assault on April 5 with the 393rd, secured Bracht after the Lenne crossing, and then shifted south. Following the 14th Armored Division, it advanced toward Allersberg and Hilpoltstein, reached the Altmuehl at Dietfurt and Kinding, crossed the Danube-Isar corridor with the division, and drove from Landshut toward Vilsbiburg, Velden, and the Inn.
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